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英語翻譯技巧之被動(dòng)語態(tài)
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英語翻譯技巧之被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一、譯成漢語主動(dòng)句
　　保存原文主語

　　The meeting is scheduled for April 6th。

　　會(huì)議定于四月六日舉行。

　　Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid。

　　水能從液體變成固體。

　　When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place。

　　當(dāng)銹形成的時(shí)候，就發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。

　　主賓顛倒

　　She was given a new pen by her father。

　　她爸爸送給她一支新鋼筆。

　　Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change。

　　這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能放出熱和光。

　　Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us。

　　現(xiàn)在我們只能利用一小部分太陽能。

　　Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country。

　　我國已將通訊衛(wèi)星用于實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。

　　The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter。

　　下一章提供了有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)資料。

　　增加主語

　　The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored。

　　人們對這一問題迄今尚未進(jìn)行過徹底的探索。

　　She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed。

　　有人看見她大致在案發(fā)時(shí)進(jìn)入了那座建筑物。

　　What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world。

　　我們在這里所講的話，人們不會(huì)長久記住。然而我們在這兒所做的事，卻能改變世界。

　　二、譯成漢語無主句

　　Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly。

　　已經(jīng)采取了措施來防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。

　　Water can be shown as containing impurities。

　　可以證明，水含有雜質(zhì)。

　　The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end。

　　必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。

　　三、譯成漢語判斷句

　　The decision to attack was not taken lightly。

　　進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China。

　　印刷術(shù)是從中國傳入歐洲的。

　　The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution。

　　手稿是在法國革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。

　　The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

　　美國的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的。

　　四、譯成漢語被動(dòng)句

　　使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為.。.所、由.。.來”等等。

　　The minister was found to have appropriated government money。

　　部長被發(fā)現(xiàn)挪用公款。

　　He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office。

　　他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。

　　The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street。

　　那名男生在穿過街道時(shí)讓一輛小公共汽車撞倒了。

　　He was praised by his teacher。

　　他得到了老師的表揚(yáng)。

　　Problems should be resolved in good time。

　　問題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。

　　For a long period to come, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families。

　　在未來較長的一段時(shí)間里，中國的老年人仍舊要由家庭來贍養(yǎng)。

　　五、常用被動(dòng)句型“It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that”的翻譯

　　It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject。

　　有人認(rèn)為，生物氣候?qū)W是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)科。

　　It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science。

　　有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說，科學(xué)的范疇可以分成兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域：自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)。

　　It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation。

　　應(yīng)該指出，這一過程就是氧化。

　　下面是一些常用被動(dòng)句型的習(xí)慣譯法：

　　It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望

　　It is assumed that... 假設(shè)，假定

　　It is claimed that...　據(jù)說，有人主張

　　It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信

　　It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)通報(bào)

　　It is considered that... 人們認(rèn)為，據(jù)估計(jì)

　　It is said that... 據(jù)說，有人說

　　It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測，人們猜測

　　It has been announced that... 已經(jīng)宣布

　　It is asserted that... 有人主張

　　It is rumored that... 有人主張

　　It is rumored that... 聽說，謠傳

　　It is noticed that... 有人指出，人們注意到

　　It is suggested that... 有人建議，建議

　　It is reputed that... 人們認(rèn)為，可以認(rèn)為

　　It is learned that... 據(jù)說，據(jù)聞，已經(jīng)查明

　　It is demonstrated that... 據(jù)證實(shí)，已經(jīng)證明

　　It is estimated that... 據(jù)估計(jì)，有人估計(jì)

　　It is estimated that... 有人指出，人們指出

　　It is pointed out that... 有人推薦，有人建議

　　It is proposed that... 有人提出

　　It was told that... 有人曾經(jīng)說

　　It was first intended that... 最初就有這樣的想法

　　It will be said that... 有人會(huì)說

　　It will be seen from this that... 由此可見，因此可知

　　It was noted above that... 前面已經(jīng)指出

　　It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)，老實(shí)說

　　It has been illustrated that... 據(jù)圖示，據(jù)說明

　　It is stressed that... 有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說

　　It is stressed that... 有人列舉出了

　　It can not be denied that... 無可否認(rèn)

　　It can be said without exaggeration that... 可以毫不夸張的說

　　It is sometimes asked that.。.人們有時(shí)會(huì)問

　　It was felt that... 有人認(rèn)識(shí)到了

　　It is universally accepted that... 人們普遍認(rèn)為

　　It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致同意

　　It is alleged that... 據(jù)說

　　It is calculated that... 據(jù)計(jì)算

　　It has been proved that... 已經(jīng)證明

　　It has been found that... 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)

　　It is still to be hoped that... 我們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ?

　　It is well-known that... 眾所周知，大家都知道

　　It should be realized that... 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到……

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