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為什么春天自殺率增高
	發(fā)起人：eging3　　回復(fù)數(shù)：1　　瀏覽數(shù)：4542　　最后更新：2022/9/28 21:14:55 by nihaota

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2017/3/29 11:19:09

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為什么春天自殺率增高

Why does spring bring more suicides?

為什么春天自殺率增高

Over the next few months in the northern hemisphere, suicides are likely to become more common. Why?

在北半球接下來的幾個(gè)月里，自殺現(xiàn)象可能會更加普遍，這是為什么呢？

Studies dating back to the 1800s have found that suicides peak in the spring and are lowest in winter. “If we take winter as a baseline, then there’s a 20-60% higher suicide rate during spring,” says Fotis Papadopoulos, a professor of psychiatry at Uppsala University in Sweden, who has been studying the association.

19世紀(jì)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，自殺率在春季達(dá)到頂峰，在冬季最低。瑞典烏普薩拉大學(xué)精神病學(xué)教授Fotis Papadopoulos說：“如果我們以冬季的自殺率為基準(zhǔn)，那么春季的自殺率將高出20-60％?！?/font>

This seems rather counterintuitive considering that darker days are linked to low mood. How could this be?

這似乎是相當(dāng)違反我們的認(rèn)知的，我們通常認(rèn)為萎靡的心情與較暗的天氣有關(guān)。那這到底是怎么一回事呢？

One possibility is that this is a result of changing levels of serotonin – a neurotransmitter that regulates mood – within the brain. Studies have found that serotonin levels in the blood are higher during the summer than the winter, and that there’s a positive correlation between serotonin synthesis and the hours of sunshine on the day that a blood sample is taken.

一個(gè)可能的原因就是，這是血清素水平升高的結(jié)果，即5-羥色胺（一種在大腦內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)心境的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)）。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夏季血液中5-羥色胺水平高于冬季，血清素合成與攝取當(dāng)天陽光時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)。

There’s also a further connection, in that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which boost serotonin, have been linked to risk of suicide in a small number of patients. “We know that when we treat patients with antidepressants it can take at least three or four weeks to raise their mood,” says Papadopoulos. “During this time, some people become more physically active or agitated, which could potentially make them more likely to act on their thoughts. Maybe sunshine acts in a similar way in a minority of people.”

還有一個(gè)更進(jìn)一步的聯(lián)系：在選擇性5-羥色胺再攝取抑制劑（SSRI）抗抑郁藥中，其促進(jìn)5-羥色胺，與少數(shù)患者的自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)。 Papadopoulos說：“我們知道，當(dāng)我們用抗抑郁藥治療患者時(shí)，可能需要至少三到四個(gè)星期來使他們恢復(fù)好心情。在這段時(shí)間里，有些人變得更加活躍或激動(dòng)，這可能會使他們更有可能采取行動(dòng)?；蛟S陽光對一部分人起到的是同樣的作用?！?/font>

Papadopoulos has scrutinised forensic and meteorological data for more than 12,000 suicide victims, and has found that there is a link between monthly sunshine duration and suicide risk.but this link disappears in most people when the season in which the data was collected is factored in.That said,the association remains in people who were taking antidepressants at the time of death.

Papadopoulos已經(jīng)訪問了超過12,000名自殺受害者的法醫(yī)，并查看了氣象數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)每月陽光持續(xù)時(shí)間與自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間都存在聯(lián)系。但當(dāng)季節(jié)被考慮在收集數(shù)據(jù)之內(nèi)時(shí)，這種聯(lián)系會在大多數(shù)人身上消失。也就是說，季節(jié)的影響仍然存在于在死亡時(shí)服用抗抑郁藥的人群中。

“It could be interpreted as support for the serotonergic theory,” Papadopoulos says.

Papadopoulos說：“這可以解釋為血清素能學(xué)理論的一種支持?！?/font>

There are other theories, such as the release of pollen-triggered immune responses that bring about changes in brain chemistry. “It’s a far-fetched idea that the romantic life of trees could be linked to suicidal behaviour in humans, but we have found an association between high tree pollen and non-violent suicides in women,” says Teodor Postolache, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. There is also evidence linking cytokine therapies – which alter the behaviour of immune cells – to suicide ideation in a small number of patients, he says.

還有一些其他的理論，如釋放引起腦化學(xué)變化的花粉引發(fā)的免疫反應(yīng)。馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)教授Teodor Postolache說“將樹木的浪漫生活與人類的自殺行為相關(guān)聯(lián)是一個(gè)非常牽強(qiáng)的想法，但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了高大的樹木的花粉和非暴力自殺婦女的關(guān)聯(lián)，”。他還說，還有證據(jù)表明，在少數(shù)患者中，細(xì)胞因子治療（能夠改變免疫細(xì)胞的行為）與自殺意念有關(guān)聯(lián)。

The link between sunlight and suicide is far from clear,and it must be stressed-would only affect a minority of people.But given that antidepressant drugs are a far from perfect treatment and that we still don’t fully understand depression,mood or our relationship with sunlight levels,it’s an area worthy of further study.

陽光和自殺之間的聯(lián)系是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠清楚的，但是必須強(qiáng)調(diào)，這只會影響少數(shù)人。但鑒于抗抑郁藥物的效果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠好，并且我們?nèi)匀徊粔蛄私庖钟舭Y、情緒和我們與陽光水平之間的關(guān)系，所以這是值得進(jìn)一步研究的領(lǐng)域。

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