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英文醫(yī)學病歷書寫-呼吸,咳嗽,痰
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2015/10/4 12:54:49

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英文醫(yī)學病歷書寫-呼吸,咳嗽,痰

（1）他訴說被呼吸困難苦惱了好多天。

He complains of difficulty of breathing, which annoyed him for several days.

※呼吸

-呼吸困難 breathe hard (with difficulty) ; have difficulty in breathing ( respiration)

-呼吸困難 dyspnea (夜間性 nocturnal, 發(fā)作性paroxysmal)

-安靜時（運動性）呼吸困難 dyspnea at rest (on exertion)

-常發(fā)生發(fā)作性夜間呼吸困難 frequent episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

-呼吸困難突然厲害起來 have sudden increase in dyspnea

-患輕微的運動性呼吸困難 have some mild exertional dyspnea

-患急性呼吸困難 have an acute attack of dyspnea

-無呼吸困難 have no respiratory embarrassment

-偶有心悸 have occasional palpitations

-心悸反復發(fā)生 have recurrent episodes of palpations

Ex1:第2天早晨，病人呼吸變?yōu)榉浅＠щy和衰弱。

The next morning the patient became extremely dyspneic and weak.

Ex2:走快或上樓梯時，他總是氣促的。

He always becomes short-winded when walking hastily or going up stairs.

（2）這個病人常?？人?，并且吐出灰色的臭痰。

The patient coughs very often and expectorates foul-smelling grayish sputum.

-種類 short, sharp, small, dry(hasty), moist, constant, painful, irritable, spasmodic, wheezing, distressed, rasping

-咳個不停 have a fit of coughing; cough oneself into a fit (fits)

-苦咳個不停 have a hard (racking; convulsive) cough

-患4天干燥發(fā)作性咳嗽 experience a 4-day episode of dry paroxysmal cough.

-2歲時開始有間歇性煩咳 intermittent hacking cough started at 2 years old

-咳嗽減少了 one＇s cough diminished

-發(fā)生輕度無痰的干咳 develop slight nonproductive cough

-有點（很多）咯血 have minimal (massive) hemoptysis.

-咯出一點血 cough (expectorate; spit) up (out) a little blood

-開始咯出黑血斑點 began coughing op flecks of dark blood

-嘔血 vomit blood

Ex1:他偶而咳嗽，但不曾感覺胸部痛、發(fā)燒或體重減輕。

He coughed occasionally, but he has never experienced pain in the thorax, fever, or loss of weight.

Ex2:最近6個月，他的咳嗽一直帶有輕微咯血。

For the last 6 months, he has been coughing with slight hemoptysis.

※痰

-種類 thin, thick, fetid, serous, frothy, tenacious, viscous, mucous( mucoid), mucopurulent, transparent, seropurulent, rusty

-中等量（多量、大量）帶有灰白色痰的咳嗽 moderate amounts ( a great deal, large quantities) of grayish-white sputum

-痰涌上咽喉，有酸味 phlegm wells up in the throat and tastes sour

-痰堵住嗓子了 phlegm blocked the windpipe

-半杯黃色痰 one half cup of yellowish sputum

-吐膿性，偶而帶血的痰 produce purulent, occasionally blood-tinged sputum

-開始有點咳嗽，并且有約3公撮的血痰 began to have some cough and produced about 3 ml. of bloody sputum.

-一點也咳不出痰 do not raise any phlegm at all

-咳痰停止了 expectoration ceased

Ex1:他開始有少量帶血絲的痰。

He began to expectorate small amounts of blood-streaked sputum.

Ex2:他的咳嗽已經(jīng)不像以前那樣厲害，痰里也不再有血斑了。

His cough was not so severe as it had been and sputum was no longer flecked with blood.