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2015年5月CATTI二口真題詳解英譯漢2
	發(fā)起人：eging　　回復(fù)數(shù)：1　　瀏覽數(shù)：6768　　最后更新：2022/9/28 6:40:12 by nihaota

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2015/10/1 13:05:32

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eging

角　　色：管理員
發(fā) 帖數(shù)：3730
注冊(cè)時(shí)間：2015/6/5

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2015年5月CATTI二口真題詳解英譯漢2

第二篇出處不明，感覺上像是一個(gè)座談會(huì)講話，句式比較簡(jiǎn)單，邏輯比較清楚，難度較低。

China’s economy growth during the last three decades has been most impressive. This growth, however, is achieved with considerable environmental cost, one of which is serious water pollution. With the rising of living standard, people have been aware of the impact of water pollution on their quality of life. In the area of water management, the priority of Chinese government should be on how to provide 1.35 billion people with clean and safe water, that is, water which could be drunk from the tap without any adverse health impact.

中國(guó)過去三十年間的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)令人矚目，但獲得這一增長(zhǎng)付出了很大的環(huán)境代價(jià)，其實(shí)之一就是嚴(yán)重的水污染。隨著生活水平的增長(zhǎng)，人們意識(shí)到對(duì)于水污染對(duì)其生活質(zhì)量的影響。在水資源管理領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)政府優(yōu)先考慮如何為13.5億人提供清潔安全的水源，也就是說，自來(lái)水應(yīng)該能夠直接飲用而不會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。

My colleagues and I have regularly visited China and we have met few family that drink water from the tap. The distrust of the quality of the tap water can be seen at the sale of bottled water. In 2014, China was expected to overtake the United States as the largest market for bottled water in the world. Although it counts for near one fifth of the world population, China has only seven percent of the world’s fresh water. This means to ensure adequate water for drinking, industrial, agricultural and energy related uses, China’s needs to adopt a new mindset to manage its water, which is becoming increasingly more polluted and scarce.

我和我的同學(xué)常常到中國(guó)來(lái)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很少有中國(guó)家庭直接飲用自來(lái)水。對(duì)于自來(lái)水質(zhì)量的不信任由瓶裝水情況可見一斑。2014年，中國(guó)有望超過美國(guó)，成為全世界最大的瓶裝水市場(chǎng)。雖然中國(guó)有世界近五分之一的人口，但只有百分之七的淡水資源。這就意味著為了保證有足夠的飲用水，工農(nóng)業(yè)以及與能源相關(guān)用水，中國(guó)需要采用新思維來(lái)管理日益污染和不斷減少的。水資源，

What the country needs is a revolution in terms of the water governance, which means the increasing supply is not the automatic answer to the increased demand. One important option is to adjust water price, which is too cheap at present. Consequently, households and industries use too much water. This is also the case for agriculture, which is so far the largest user of water. Neither municipalities nor industries have historically considered extensive treatment and reuse of waste water.

中國(guó)需要在水資源管理方面進(jìn)行革命，也就意味著增加供給不是解決日見增加的需求的直接答案。一個(gè)重要的選擇是調(diào)整水價(jià)。中國(guó)目前水價(jià)過低，因此家庭和工業(yè)用水過于浪費(fèi)。農(nóng)業(yè)同樣如此，農(nóng)業(yè)是最大的用水大戶。從歷史上說，無(wú)論是市政還是各項(xiàng)工業(yè)都沒有認(rèn)真考慮過大規(guī)模污水處理和廢水二次使用的問題。

At present, the water expenditure of an average Chinese household is about 0.5 percent of disposable income. This is one of the lowest in the world. The average price of 25 Chinese cities is only 0.46 US dollars per cubic meter, compared with a global average of 2 dollars and 3 cents per cubic meter. the Chinese government has called more efficient use of water and promised that market will play a greater role in setting prices. Accordingly by 2015, there will be a three tier pricing structure in all the cities and towns based on actual water use. The top 5 percent of water users will pay three times the base price. The next fifteen percent will pay 1.5 times the price. However, 80 percent will continue to pay the same cheap price.

目前，中國(guó)家庭水費(fèi)開支只占可支配收入的百分之零點(diǎn)五，為全球最低國(guó)家之一。中國(guó)城市用水價(jià)格平均僅為每立方米0。46美元，而全球均價(jià)為2至3美元。中國(guó)政府號(hào)召提醒用水效率，承諾市場(chǎng)在調(diào)整水價(jià)方面起到更大作用。與此相關(guān)，到2015年，所有城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)采用三級(jí)水價(jià)。排名前百分之五的用水大戶將支付三倍于基本價(jià)的水價(jià)。另有百分之十五的用戶支付一點(diǎn)五倍水價(jià)，而其它百分之八十的用戶依然支付原來(lái)便宜的水費(fèi)。

While the new pricing structure is stepping in the right direction, it is not enough to manage demand. The water price has to increase significantly to manage demand. Our general view is that water price should be around 1.5 percent of disposable household incomes. Only those household where water use exceed their income level should receive targeted subsidies. Within the next five to ten years, the objective should be to ensure all cities with a population above a certain level would receive clear water which can be drunk safely from the tap. At the same time, public awareness campaigns such as those in Singapore should be considered. These campaigns are designed to draw public attention to the importance of water to people’s quality of life and the country’s continuous economic development. People should be made aware that the cost of substandard water supply and waste water treatment is probably around 2.5 to 3 percent of the country’s GDP.

雖然新的定價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)向著正確的方向邁出了一步，但不足以管理需求，為了達(dá)到管理需求的目的，水價(jià)需要大幅度增長(zhǎng)。我們通常認(rèn)為水費(fèi)應(yīng)該占到家庭可支配收入的百分之一點(diǎn)五。只有那些用水開支超過其收入水平的家庭才能獲得針對(duì)性的補(bǔ)貼。在今后五到十年間，我們的目標(biāo)是保證所有人口超過一定數(shù)量的城市獲得可以直接飲用的清潔水源。同時(shí)，應(yīng)該象新加坡一樣對(duì)公眾進(jìn)行用水意識(shí)的教育活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)旨在讓公共注意水對(duì)于人民生活質(zhì)量以及國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性。應(yīng)該教育公眾意識(shí)到提供非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水的以及廢水處理的成本應(yīng)該占到國(guó)家人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的百分之二點(diǎn)五到三。

With cheap pricing as has been the case historically, there can only be limited water conservation. This has also stopped companies, public and private from carrying out badly needed upgrades and proper and regular maintenance of their water supplying systems and applying the latest technology to improve water management. Water pricing is the one of the important tools available to ensure every Chinese has access to safe water in the foreseeable future. However, like any tool, water pricing has to be used sensitively and properly.

由于低水價(jià)由來(lái)已久，水資源保護(hù)非常有限，使國(guó)家和私人公司無(wú)法對(duì)于供水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行急需的升級(jí)和日常維護(hù)，也不能使用最新技術(shù)來(lái)提高水資源管理。水價(jià)是一項(xiàng)重要的工具，保證中國(guó)人能在可預(yù)測(cè)的未來(lái)獲得安全用水，但是，像任何一項(xiàng)工具一樣，使用水價(jià)這一工具也要非常小心而合理。

2022/9/28 6:40:13

[只看該作者] #2

nihaota

角　　色：普通會(huì)員
發(fā) 帖數(shù)：10863
注冊(cè)時(shí)間：2022/3/19

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