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法律淵源 source of law

司法解釋 judicial interpretation

習慣法 customary law

公序良俗 public order and moral

自然法 natural law

羅馬法 Roman Law

私法 private law

市民法 jus civile

民法法系 civil law system

英美法系 system of Anglo-American law

大陸法系 civil law system

普通法 common law

大陸法 continental law

平等原則 principle of equality

自愿原則 principle of free will  

公平原則 principle of justice

誠實信用原則 principle of good faith

行為 act

作為 act

不作為 omission

合法行為 lawful act

違法行為 unlawful act

民事權利權利能力 civil right

絕對權 absolute right

相對權 relative right

優(yōu)先權 right of priority

先買權 preemption

原權 antecedent right

救濟權 right of relief

支配權 right of dominion

請求權 right of claim

物上請求權 right of claim for real thing

形成權 right of formation

撤銷權 right of claiming cancellation

否認權 right of claiming cancellation

解除權 right of renouncement

代位權 subrogated right

選擇權 right of choice

承認權 right of admission

終止權 right of termination

抗辯權 right of defense

一時性抗辯權 momentary right of defense

永久性抗辯權 permanent counter-argument right

不安抗辯權 unstable counter-argument right

同時履行抗辯權 defense right of simultaneous performance

既得權 tested right

期待權 expectant right

專屬權 exclusive right

非專屬權 non-exclusive right

人身權利 personal right

人權 human right

人格權 right of personality

生命健康權 right of life and health

姓名權 right of name

名稱權 right of name

肖像權 right of portraiture

自由權 right of freedom

名譽權 right reputation

隱私權 right of privacy

私生活秘密權 right of privacy

貞操權 virginity right

身份權 right of status

親權 parental power; parental right

親屬權 right of relative

探視權 visitation right

配偶權 right of spouse

榮譽權 right of honor

權利的保護 protection of right

公力救濟 public protection

私力救濟 self-protection

權利本位 standard of right

社會本位 standard of society

無責任行為 irresponsible right

正當防衛(wèi) justifiable right; ligitimate defence

防衛(wèi)行為 act of defence

自為行為 self-conducting act

緊急避險 act of rescue; necessity

自助行為 act of self-help

不可抗力 force majeure

意外事件 accident

行為能力 capacity for act

意思能力 capacity of will

民事行為 civil act

意思表示 declaration of intention

意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus

完全行為能力 perfect capacity for act  

限制行為能力 restrictive capacity for act

準禁治產(chǎn)人 quasi-interdicted person

保佐 protection

自治產(chǎn)人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity

無行為能力 incapacity for act

禁治產(chǎn)人 interdicted person

自然人 natural person

公民 citizen

住所 domicile

居所 residence

經(jīng)常居住地 frequently dwelling place

戶籍 census register

監(jiān)護 guardianship

個體工商戶 individual business

農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶 leaseholding rural household

合伙 partnership

合伙人 partner

合伙協(xié)議 partnership agreement

合伙財產(chǎn) property of partnership

合伙債務 debt of partnership

入伙 join partnership

退伙 withdrawal from partnership

合伙企業(yè) partnership business establishment

個人合伙 partnership

法人合伙 partnership of legal person

特別合伙 special partnership

普通合伙 general partnership  

有限合伙 limited partnership

民事合伙 civil partnership

隱名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership

私營企業(yè) private enterprise; proprietorship

法人 legal person

企業(yè)法人 legal body of enterprise

企業(yè)集團 group of enterprise

關聯(lián)企業(yè) affiliate enterprise

個人獨資企業(yè) individual business establishment

國有獨資企業(yè) solely state-owned enterprise

中外合資企業(yè) Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise

中外合作企業(yè) Sino-foreign contractual enterprise

社團法人 legal body of mass organization

財團法人 legal body of financial group

聯(lián)營 joint venture

法人型聯(lián)營 association of legal persons

合伙型聯(lián)營 coordinated management in partnership

協(xié)作型聯(lián)營 cooperation-type coordinated management

合作社 cooperative

民事法律行為 civil legal act

單方民事法律行為 unilateral civil legal act

雙方民事法律行為 bilateral civil legal act

多方民事法律行為 joint act civil legal act

有償民事法律行為 civil legal act with consideration

無償民事法律行為 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award

實踐性民事法律行為 practical civil legal act

諾成性民事法律行為 consental civil legal act

要式民事法律行為 formal civil legal act

不要式民事法律行為 informal civil legal act

要因民事法律行為 causative civil legal act

不要因民事法律行為 noncausative civil legal act

主民事法律行為 principal civil legal act

從民事法律行為 accessory civil legal act

附條件民事法律行為 conditional civil legal act

附期限民事法律行為 civil legal act with term  

生前民事法律行為 civil legal act before death

死后民事法律行為 civil legal act after death

準民事法律行為 quasi-civil legal act

無效行為 ineffective act

可撤銷民事行為 revocable civil act

違法行為 illegal act; unlawful act

侵權行為 tort

欺詐 fraud

脅迫 duress

乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position

以合法形式掩蓋非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention

惡意串通 malicious collaboration

重大誤解 gross misunderstanding

顯失公平 obvious unjust

誤傳 misrepresentation

代理 agency

本人 principal

被代理人 principal

受托人 trustee

代理人 agent

本代理人 original agent

法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent

委托代理人 agent by mandate

指定代理人 designated agent

復代理人 subagent

再代理人 subagent

轉(zhuǎn)代理人 subagent

代理權 right of agency

授權行為 act of authorization

授權委托書 power of attorney

代理行為 act of agency

委托代理 agency by mandate

本代理 original agency

復代理 subagency

次代理 subagency

有權代理 authorized agency

表見代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency

律師代理 agency by lawyer

普通代理 general agency

全權代理 general agency

全權代理委托書 general power of attorney

孳息 fruits

天然孳息 natural fruits

法定孳息 legal fruits

無主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods

遺失物 lost property

漂流物 drifting object

埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property

貨幣 currency

證券 securities

債券 bond

物權分類 classification of right in rem/real right  

自物權 jus in re propria; right of full ownership

所有權 dominium; ownership; title

所有權憑證 document of title; title of ownership

占有權 dominium utile; equitable ownership

使用權 right of use; right to use of  

收益權 right to earnings; right to yields

處分權 right of disposing; jus dispodendi

善意占有 possession in good faith

惡意占有 malicious possession

按份共有 several possession

共同共有 joint possession

他物權 jus in re aliena

用益物權 real right for usufruct

使用權 right to use; right of use

土地使用權 right to the use of land

林權 forest ownership

采礦權 mining ownership

經(jīng)營權 managerial authority; power of management

承包經(jīng)營權 right to contracted management

相鄰權 neighboring right; relatedright

地上權 superficies

永佃權 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract

地役權 servitude; easement

人役權 servitus personarum; personal servitude

擔保物權 real right for security

物的擔保 security for thing

物的瑕疵擔保 warranty against defect of a thing

抵押權 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage

抵押權的設定 creation of right to mortgage

抵押人 mortgagor

抵押權人 mortgagee

抵押標的物 collateral; estate under mortgage

抵押權的效力 deffect of right to mortgage

抵押權的次序 sequence of right to mortgage

抵押權的拋棄 abandonment of right to mortgage

抵押權的讓與 alienation of right to mortgage

抵押權的實現(xiàn) materialization of right to mortgage

抵押權的消滅 extinction of right to  

mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage

抵押物登記 registration of estate under mortgage

抵押優(yōu)先權 priority of mortgage

留置權 lien

一般留置權 general lien  

特別留置權 special lien

質(zhì)權 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge

佃權 tenant right  

債權 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right

債權人 creditor

債務人 debtor

相對人 counterpart; offeree

給付 give; pay

債務 debt; liability; obligation

債務的償還 payment of debt

債務的償清 discharge of debt

債務的擔保 guarantee of debt

債務的合并 consolidation of debt

債務的給付日期 debt maturity

債務的免除 exemption of debt

債的分類 obligatio; obligation

法定之債 legal obligation

任意之債 voluntary obligation

簡單之債 simple obligation

選擇之債 alternative obligation

主債 prime/principal obligation

從債 accessory obligation

單一之債 single obligation

按份之債 several obligation

連帶之債 joint obligation

特定之債 certain obligation

種類之債 indefinite obligation

合同之債 contractual obligation

侵權行為之債 tort obligation  

損害賠償之債 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages

人身損害 damage to person

精神損害 moral/mental/spiritual damage

醫(yī)藥費 hospital treatment expense

醫(yī)療費 medical charge

撫恤金 pension

慰問金 consolation money

產(chǎn)品瑕疵 defect of product

不當?shù)美?unjust enrichment

無因管理 voluntary service

債的擔保 guarantee of obligation

財產(chǎn)擔保 property guarantee

信用擔保 credit guarantee

讓與擔保 alienation guarantee

保證 guaranty

明示保證 express guaranty

默示保證 implied guaranty

保證人 guarantor

保證合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship

保證金 guaranty bond; security deposit

押金 deposit; foregift

預付款 advanced payment

定金 earnest money; deposit

違約金 liquidated damages

法定違約金 liquidated damages by law

約定違約金 liquidated damages by agreement

債的履行 performance of obligation

實際履行原則 doctrine of specific performance

情事變更原則 doctrine of change of circumstances

不當履行 misfeasance

清償 discharge; satisfaction

提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority

抵銷 setoff

知識產(chǎn)權 intellectual property

知識產(chǎn)權國際保護 international protection of intellectual property

國民待遇原則 doctrine of national treatment

優(yōu)先權原則 a right of priority doctrine

自動保護原則 doctrine of automatic protection

特許權使用費 royalties

智力成果 intellectual property

著作權 copyright

版權 copyright

著作權人 copyright owner

創(chuàng)作 creation

作品 opus; product; work

著作人格權 right of personality of copyright

發(fā)表權 right of publication

署名權 right of authorship; right of paternity

修改權 right of modification; right of revision

完整性保持權 right to maintain integrity

不可侵犯權 inviolability

收回權 right of recall; right of retrieval

自費出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense

著作財產(chǎn)權 property right in work  

使用收益分享權 right to share usufruct

利用權 right to make use of  

獲得報酬權 right to get payment

重播權 right of rebroadcasting

錄制權 right of fixation

機械復制權 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction

著作鄰接權 neighboring right of copyright

剽竊 plagiary; plagiarism

盜版 pirate

盜版VCD pirated VCD

偽造 forge

工業(yè)產(chǎn)權 industrial property

專利權 patent right

優(yōu)先權日 priority date

申請在先原則 prior application rule

使用在先 priority of use

新穎性 novelty

創(chuàng)造性 creativity

實用性 practicability

發(fā)明創(chuàng)造 invention and creation

實用新型 utility model

外觀設計 design; industrial design

發(fā)明權 right of invention

發(fā)現(xiàn)權 right of discovery

專利申請 patent application

專利異議 objection to a patent

專利公告 patent gazette

專利續(xù)展費 renewal fee of patent

專利許可協(xié)議 patent licensing agreement

技術訣竅 know-how

專有技術 know-how

專利證書 certificate of patent

專利事務所 patent office

專利代理 patent agency

中華人民共和國專利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China

商標權 trademark right

商標國際注冊 international registration of trademark

商品商標 commodity trademark

服務商標 service trademark

馳名商標 reputed trademark

廣告商標 advertisement trademark

近似商標 similar trademark

商標評審委員會 trade review and appraisal board

商標審查 trademark examination

商標侵權 trademark infringement

商標注冊 registered trademark

商標公告 trademark gazette

注冊商標使用許可 licensing of registered trademark

注冊商標轉(zhuǎn)讓 assignment of registered trademark

商標使用許可協(xié)議 trademark licensing agreement

商標事務所 trademark office

商標代理 trademark agency

婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養(yǎng) marriage, family, inheritance, adoption

婚姻法 marital law; marriage law

包辦婚姻 arranged marriage

財產(chǎn)分割 partition; dismemberment of property

重婚 bigamy

獨生子女 only child

法律婚 legal marriage

非婚生子女 illegitimate child

夫妻共同財產(chǎn) community property

夫妻關系 conjugal relationship

夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board

復婚 resumption of marriage

感情破裂 incompatibility

婚后財產(chǎn)公證 notarization of postnuptial properties

婚姻登記 marriage registration

婚生子女 ligitimate child

計劃生育 birth control

結(jié)婚 marry

離婚 divorce

買賣婚姻 mercenary marriage

擬制血親 blood relations in fiction of law

旁系血親 collateral relation blood relation

涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements

配偶 spouse

事實婚 de facto marriage

訴訟離婚 divorce by litigation

探視權 visitation right

同居 cohabitation

晚婚 late marriage

無效婚姻 void marriage

協(xié)議離婚 divorce by agreement  

一夫一妻制 monogamy

早婚 early marriage

直系血親 lineal descent

自然血親 natural blood relation

收養(yǎng)法 adoption law

收養(yǎng)協(xié)議 adoption agreement

收養(yǎng)人 adoptive parent

送養(yǎng)人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption

涉外收養(yǎng) adoption with foreign elements

繼承法 inheritance law; law of succession

法定繼承 legal seccession

遺囑繼承 intestate succession

遺贈繼承 succession by devise

自然繼承 natural succession  

代位繼承 representation; succession by subrogation

世襲繼承 hereditary succession

間接繼承 indirect succession

轉(zhuǎn)繼承 subsuccession

共同繼承 joint succession

單獨繼承 single succession

繼承人 heir; successor

第二順序繼承人 successor second in order

第一順序繼承人 successor first in order

繼承參與人 succession participant

遺產(chǎn) inheritance; heritage

遺產(chǎn)繼承人 heir to property; inheritor

遺言 last will and testament

遺書 last words

遺贈 bequest; legacy; devise

遺贈撫養(yǎng)協(xié)議 legacy-support ageement

案件受理費 court acceptance fee

案情重大、復雜 important and complicated case

案由 cause of action  

案子 case  

包攬訴訟 monopolize lawsuits

被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)  

被上訴人 appellee

被訴人 respondent; defendant

本案律師 councel pro hac vice

本地律師 local counsel

畢業(yè)證 diploma; graduation certificate

辯護詞 defense; pleadings

辯護律師 defense lawyer

辯護要點 point of defense

辯護意見 submission

財產(chǎn)租賃 property tenancy

裁定書 order; ruling; determination（指終審裁定）

裁決書 award（用于仲裁）

裁決書 verdict（用于陪審團）

采信的證據(jù) admitted evidence; established evidence

草擬股權轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests

查閱法條 source legal provisions

產(chǎn)權轉(zhuǎn)讓 conveyancing

出差 go on errand; go on a business trip  

出國深造 further study abroad

出具律師意見書 providing legal opinion

出示的證據(jù) exhibit

出庭 appear in court

傳票 summons; subpoena

答辯狀 answer; reply

代理詞 representation

代理房地產(chǎn)買賣與轉(zhuǎn)讓 agency for sale and transfer of real estate

代理公證、商標、專利、版權、房地產(chǎn)、工商登記 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations

代理仲裁 agency for arbitration

代寫文書 drafting of legal instruments

待決案件 pending case

當事人陳述 statement of the parties

第三人 third party

吊銷執(zhí)業(yè)證 revocation of lawyer license

調(diào)查筆錄 investigative record

調(diào)查取證 investigation and gathering for evidence

調(diào)解 mediation

調(diào)解書 mediation

二審案件 case of trial of second instance

發(fā)送電子郵件 send e-mail

法律顧問 legal consultants

法律意見書 legal opinions

法律援助 legal aid

法律咨詢 legal counseling

法庭 division; tribunal

法學博士學位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)

法學會 law society

法學課程 legal courses

法學碩士學位 LL.M (Master of Laws)

法學系 faculty of law; department of law

法學學士學位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)

J.D ( juris doctor縮寫，美國法學學士)

法學院 law school

法院公告 court announcement

反訴狀 counterclaim

房地產(chǎn)律師 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer

非合伙律師 associate lawyer

非訴訟業(yè)務 non-litigation practice

高級合伙人 senior partner

高級律師 senior lawyer

各類協(xié)議和合同 agreements and contracts

公安局 Public Security Bureau

公司上市 company listing

公訴案件 public-prosecuting case

公證書 notarial certificate

國辦律師事務所 state-run law office

國際貿(mào)易 international trade

國際訴訟 international litigation

國內(nèi)訴訟 domestic litigation

合伙律師 partner lawyer

合伙制律師事務所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice

合同審查、草擬、修改 contract review, drafting and revision

會見當事人 interview a client

會見犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect

兼職律師 part-time lawyer

監(jiān)獄 prison; jail

鑒定結(jié)論 expert conclusion

繳納會費 membership dues

舉證責任 burden of proof; onus probandi

決定書 decision

勘驗筆錄 record of request

看守所 detention house

抗訴書 protest

控告人 accuser; complainant

跨國訴訟 transnational litigation

勞動爭議 labor disputes

勞動爭議仲裁委員會 arbitration committee for labor disputes

勞改場 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm

利害關系人 interested party; party in interest

律管處處長 director of lawyer control department

律師 lawyer attorney; attorney at law

律師懲戒 lawyer discipline

律師法 Lawyer Law

律師費 lawyer fee

律師函 lawyer’s letter

律師見證 lawyer attestation/authentication

律師見證書 lawyer certification/authentication/witness

律師卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file

律師刊物 lawyer’s journal

律師聯(lián)系電話 contact phone number of a lawyer

律師事務所 law office; law firm

律師收費 billing by lawyer

律師網(wǎng)站 lawyer website

律師協(xié)會 National Bar (Lawyer) Association

律師協(xié)會會員 member of Lawyer Association

律師協(xié)會秘書長 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association

律師協(xié)會章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition

律師業(yè)務室 lawyer’s office

律師執(zhí)業(yè)證 lawyer license

律師助理 assistant lawyer

律師資格考試 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam

律師資格證 lawyer qualification certificate

民事案件 civil case

民事調(diào)解 civil mediation

民事訴訟 civil litigation

派出所 local police station; police substation

判決 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);  

determination(用于終審);  

sentence(用于刑事案);  

verdict(由陪審團作出)

旁證 circumstantial evidence

企業(yè)章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw

企業(yè)重組 corporate restructure

起訴狀 information; indictment

取消律師資格 disbar

全國律師代表大會 National Lawyer Congress

缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default

人民法院 People’s Court

人民檢察院 People’s Procuratorate

認定事實 determine facts

上訴案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case

上訴人 appellant

上訴狀 petition for appeal

涉外律師 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters

申請復議 administrative reconsideration petition

申請加入律師協(xié)會 application for admission to Law Association

申請人 petitioner; claimant

申訴案件 appeal case

申訴人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff

申訴書 appeal for revision, petition for revision

實習律師 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period

實習律師證 certificate of apprentice lawyer

視聽證據(jù) audio-visual reference material

適用法律 apply law to facts

受害人 victim

書證 documentary evidence

司法部 Ministry of Justice

司法建議書 judicial advise

司法局 Judicial Bureau

司法局副局長 deputy director of Judicial Bureau

司法局局長 director of Judicial Bureau

司法統(tǒng)一考試 uniform judicial exam

送達 service of process

訴訟 litigation; action; lawsuit

訴訟當事人 litigation party; litigious party

訴訟業(yè)務 litigation practice

訴狀 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim

推銷法律服務 promote/market legal service

外國律師事務所 foreign law office

委托代理合同 authorized representation contract

委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent

委托授權書 power of attorney

物證 material evidence

嫌疑人 criminal suspect

項目融資 project financing

項目談判 project negotiating

刑事案件 criminal case

刑事訴訟 criminal litigation

行政訴訟 administrative litigation

休庭 adjourn the court; recess

宣判 pronounce judgement; determination  

宣誓書 affidavit

業(yè)務進修 attendance in advanced studies

一審案件 case of trial of first instance

與國外律師事務所交流 communicate with foreign law firms

原告 plaintiff

證券律師 securities lawyer

證人證言 testimony of witness; affidavit

執(zhí)行筆錄 execution record

執(zhí)業(yè)登記 registration for practice

執(zhí)業(yè)范圍 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area

執(zhí)業(yè)申請 practice application

執(zhí)業(yè)證年檢 annual inspection of lawyer license

仲裁 arbitration

仲裁案件 arbitration case

仲裁機構(gòu) arbitration agency

專門律師 specialized lawyer

專職律師 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer

撰寫法律文章 write legal thesis

資信調(diào)查 credit standing investigation

自訴案件 private prosecuting case   

會計法 accounting law

稅法 tax law; taxation law

反不正當競爭法 anti-unfair competition law

消費者權益保護法 consumer’s interest protection law

產(chǎn)品責任法 production liability law

消費者權益法 consumer rights and interests law

公司法 company law; corporate law

公司 company; corporation

有限責任公司 limited liability company

股份有限公司 company limited by shares

無限公司 unlimited company

股份兩合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership

兩合公司 joint liability company

控股公司 holding company

集團公司 group company

合資公司 joint venture company

聯(lián)營公司 associated company; affiliated company

國營公司 state-own company

國有公司 state-owned company

民營公司 civilian-run company

本國公司 national/domestic company

外國公司 foreign company

上市公司 listed company

母公司 parent company

子公司 subsidiary

皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company

募集設立 incorporation by stock floatation

發(fā)起人 floater; initiator

公司名稱 name of company

公司住址 domicile of company

出資 contribution; capital subscription

現(xiàn)金出資 investment in cash

實物出資 investment in kind

工業(yè)產(chǎn)權出資 investment in industrial property right

非專有技術出資 investment in non-patent technology

勞務出資 investment in labor

高新技術成果出資 investment in hi-tech achievements

注冊資本 registered capital

實繳資本 paid-in capital

驗資報告 capital verification report

會計師事務所 certified public accountants

注冊會計師 certified public accountant

資本三原則 three doctrine of capital  

資本確定原則 doctrine of capital determination

資本維持原則 doctrine of capital maintenance

資本不變原則 doctrine of unchanging capital

最低資本額制度 minimum capital system

公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw

公司登記 incorporation; corporate registration

公司存續(xù) existence of company

公司合并分立 merger and split of company

公司并購 corporate merger and acquisition

公司管理 corporate governance; company management

公司法律顧問 corporate counsel

公司整頓 company rectification

公司歇業(yè) closure of business

公司和解 company composition

公司解散 company dissolution

公司清算 company liquidation

公司清理 company winding-up

競業(yè)禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition

招股章程 prospectus

股本 stock capital  

股東 shareholder

股東大會 shareholders’ meeting

股東大會決議 resolution of shareholders’ meeting

股東大會議事規(guī)則 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting

表決權 voting right; right to vote

董事 director

董事長 president/chairman of the board

首席執(zhí)行官 chief executive officer(CEO)

首席運營官 chief operation officer(COO)

執(zhí)行董事 executive director

常務董事 managing director

董事會 board of directors

董事會領導下的經(jīng)理負責制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors

經(jīng)理獨立負責制 manager independent responsibility system

監(jiān)事 supervisor

監(jiān)事會 board of supervisors

股 share; stock

普通股 common stock

特別股 special stock

資格股 qualification stock

優(yōu)先股 preferred stock

劣后股 inferior stock

表決權股 stock with voting power

溢價股 premium stock

折價股 converting stock

國家股 state-owned share

集體股 collective share

法人股 corporate share

企業(yè)股 enterprise share

個人股 individual share

股息 dividend

紅股 bonus stock; dividend stock

法定公積金 legal accumulation fund

資本公積金 capital accumulation fund

盈余公積金 surplus accumulation fund

任意公積金 optional accumulation fund

公司犯罪 corporate crime

證券法 securities law

證券發(fā)行 issuance of securities

證券上市 list securities; float an issue

證券交易所 stock exchange

證券商 securities dealer

證券公司 securities company

證券承銷商 consortium of underwriters

證券承銷合同 underwriting contract

證券經(jīng)紀人 securities broker

披露制度 disclosing system

交割日 closing date

風險投資基金 venture capital fund

上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange  

深圳證券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange

證券監(jiān)督委員會 securities supervision committee

票據(jù)法 law of negotiable instrument

票據(jù) notes; bills; commercial instruments

商業(yè)票據(jù) bill; commercial instrument

遠期票據(jù) time bill;; long-dated bill

到期票據(jù) matured bill

即期票據(jù) sight bill

記名票據(jù) bill payable to order; note to order

不記名票據(jù) bearer instrument

本票 promissory note

支票 cheque

匯票 bill of exchange

發(fā)票日 ticket day

出票日 date of draft/issue

發(fā)票地 place of draft/issue

票據(jù)到期日 bill to mature

票據(jù)金額 sum of bill

票面價額 face value

票據(jù)出票人 drawer

票據(jù)持票人 bill holder

票據(jù)承兌人 bill acceptor

票據(jù)行為 act on commercial paper

承兌票據(jù) honor a bill

票據(jù)議付 negotiation

拒付票據(jù) protest a bill

票據(jù)付款人 drawee

票據(jù)支付人 payer on commercial instrument

票據(jù)收款人 bill collector

票據(jù)背書人 endorser/indorser of a bill

被背書人 endorsee

票據(jù)保證人 bill guarantor

票據(jù)被保證人 bill pledgee/warrantee

再追索人 renewed recourser

前手 remote holder

后手 subsequent endorser

票據(jù)權利 right of bill  

票據(jù)期限 term of bill; tenor

票據(jù)債務人 debtor of commercial instrument

追索權 right of recourse

票據(jù)抗辯 exception to bill

票據(jù)喪失 loss of bill

票據(jù)時效 prescription of exchanges

票據(jù)貼現(xiàn) discount of bill

再貼現(xiàn) rediscount of bill

恩惠期間 term of benevolence

票據(jù)代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments

海商法 maritime law

船舶國籍證書 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality

船棋國 flag country

船舶所有權證書 certificate of ship ownership

船舶檢驗 register of ship

船舶保險 insurance on hull

船舶保險單 hull insurance policy

船舶登記證書 certificate of registry

船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships

船舶進港費 groundage

船舶抵押 ship mortgage

船舶租賃 ship chartering

船舶轉(zhuǎn)租 ship subchartering

船舶所有人責任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners

船舶碰撞 ship collision

船舶遇難 maritime distress

海上災難 perils of the sea

海上拖航 marine towage

船舶扣押 detention of ship

船舶債權 ship’s credit

船級社 classification society

船級證書 certificate of class

海上留置權 maritime lien

船舶留置權 maritime lien

船舶抵押權 maritime mortgage

海上優(yōu)先請求權 priority claim to seagoing ships

救助優(yōu)先權 priority claim to salvage

共同海損優(yōu)先權 priority claim to general average

服務優(yōu)先權 priority claim to service

貨物損害優(yōu)先權 priority claim to cargo damage

傳播抵押借款和貨物抵押借款優(yōu)先權 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit

海運合同 shipping contract

提單 bill of lading(B/L)

空艙費 dead freight

租船費 charterage

租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment

期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP

航次租船合同 voyage charter-party

定期租船合同 time charter-party

光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP

包租運輸合同 shipping charter-party

海上旅客運輸合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea

遠洋拖帶合同 contract of ocean towage

港內(nèi)拖帶合同 contract of port towage

海難救助合同 salvage contract

海事報告 master’s protest;; sea protest

海事聲明書 sea protest

海事爭議 maritime dispute

海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court

海事訴訟程序 maritime proceedings

船舶碰撞案件的民事管轄權 civil jurisdiction of sea collision

船舶碰撞案件的刑事管轄權 criminal jurisdiction of sea collision

海事爭議的審理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes

海事訴訟保全措施 measures for maritime attachment

海事優(yōu)先請求權 preferential right top maritime claim

海事請求保全申請書 application/petition for maritime attachment

海事訴訟法律文書送達 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings

涉外海事訴訟管轄權 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements

強制變賣被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship

海事仲裁程序規(guī)則 rules of maritime arbitration procedure

保險法 insurance law

自愿保險 voluntary insurance

強制保險 compulsory insurance

商業(yè)保險 commercial insurance

財產(chǎn)保險 property insurance

人身保險 personal insurance

人壽保險 life insurance

健康保險 health insurance

意外保險 accident insurance

社會保險 social insurance

養(yǎng)老保險 endowment insurance

醫(yī)療保險 medical insurance

失業(yè)保險 unemployment insurance

信用保險 credit insurance

保證保險 guaranty insurance

保險合同 insurance contract

保險人 insurer; underwriter

被保險人 the insured

受益人 benificiary

投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder

保險單 insurance policy

保險標的 insurance object

保險費 premium

保險期限 time limit of insurance

保險利益 insurable interest

保險金額 insurance; insurance compensation

保險事故 insurance accident

保險賠償 insurance indemnity

保險代理人 insurance agent

保險經(jīng)紀人 insurance broker

索賠 claim

代位索賠 claim by subrogation

理賠 settlement of claim

代位求償權 right of subrogation

委付 abandonment

退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance

刑法學 criminal law; penal law

犯罪學 criminology

犯罪心理學 criminal psychology

勞動改造法學 reform-through-labor

中國刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law

比較刑法學 comparative criminal law

刑事偵查 criminal detection

司法精神病學 forensic psychiatry

罪刑法定原則 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime

罪刑相適應原則 principal of suiting punishment to crime

罪責自負原則 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime

懲罰與教育相結(jié)合原則 principal of combining punishment with education

從舊原則 the doctrine of observing old laws

從新原則 the doctrine of observing new laws

從舊兼從輕原則 the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment

從新兼從輕原則 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment

追訴時效 limitation of prosecution

刑事責任 criminal liability/responsibility

刑事責任年齡 age for criminal responsibility

刑事責任能力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility

犯罪 crime; commit a crime

故意犯罪 intentional crime; willful crime

過失犯罪 negligent crime

犯罪構(gòu)成 constitution of a crime

犯罪主體 subject of a crime

犯罪客體 object of a crime

犯罪的主觀方面 subjective elements of a crime

犯罪的客觀方面 objective elements of a crime

犯罪對象 target of a crime

犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea

直接故意 actual intent; direct intent

間接故意 indirect intent

犯罪過失 criminal negligence

疏忽大意的過失 careless negligence

過于自信的過失 negligence with undue assumption

不能預見 unforeseeable; unpredictable

不能避免 unavoidable

犯罪動機 criminal motive

犯罪目的 criminal intent; criminal purpose

防衛(wèi)過當 unjustifiable self-defense

緊急避險 act of rescue; necessity

犯罪既遂 completion of a crime

犯罪未遂 attempted crime

犯罪形態(tài) criminal pattern

犯罪預備 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime

犯意表示 expression for a crime

犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime

犯罪中斷 suspension of a crime

行為犯 behavioral offence

危險犯 potential damage offence

結(jié)果犯 consequential offence

結(jié)果加重犯 aggregated consequential offence

類推 analogy

定罪 conviction; crimination

定罪情節(jié) circumstances for adjudgment

定罪量刑 punishment fits the crime

量刑情節(jié) principle of discretionary action of sentencing; principal of sentencing

危害行為 dangerous act

因果關系 causative relation

共同犯罪 complicity; joint offence

教唆犯 abettor  

主犯 principal

從犯 accessory

脅從犯 accomplice under duress; unwilling follower

幫助犯 aider; accessory

累犯 recidivist; repeat offence

一般累犯 common recidivist

反革命累犯 counter-revolutionary recidivist

法人犯罪 corporate crime

結(jié)伙犯罪 gang crime

流氓集團 gang of hoodlums

流氓罪 crime of indecent assault

集團犯罪 organized crime

經(jīng)濟犯罪 economic crime

職務犯罪 duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty

聚眾犯罪 assembled a crowd to commit a crime

一罪 one crime

一罪不二罰 nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime

繼續(xù)犯 continuous crime

持續(xù)犯 continuous crime

想象竟合犯 imaginative joinder of offences

慣犯 habitual offence

結(jié)合犯 combinative crime; integrated offence

連續(xù)犯 continuing offence

牽連犯 implicated offence

吸收犯 Inclusive offence; absorbable offence

數(shù)罪 plural crimes

數(shù)罪并罰 joinder of punishment for plural crimes

法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty

法定最低刑 minimum statutory penalty

總和刑期 total term of sentences

并科原則 doctrine of cumulation of punishments

相加原則 doctrine of accumulation

合并原則 doctrine of joinder  

累加原則 cumulative principle

吸收原則 absorption principle

限制加重原則 principle of limitative aggravation

折衷原則 doctrine of compromise

兩罰制 dual/double punishment

單罰制 single punishment

漏罪 omitted crime

先并后減 reduction after combined sentence

新罪 newly committed crime

先減后并 combination of sentence after reduction

刑罰個別化原則 principle of individualization of punishment

刑罰經(jīng)濟原則 principle of economization of punishment

刑罰人道主義原則 principle of humanitarianism of punishment

刑罰效益原則 principle of utility of punishment

刑罰的種類 classification of criminal pennalties

生命刑 punishment depriving life

財產(chǎn)刑 punishment against property

權利刑 punishment of depriving rights

主刑 principal penalties

管制 public surveillance

拘役 penal servitude

有期徒刑 fixed-term imprisonment

無期徒刑 life imprisonment

死刑 death penalty

死緩 death sentence with a two-year reprieve

附加刑 accessory penalties

剝奪政治權利 deprivation of political right

沒收財產(chǎn) forfeiture of property

罰金 criminal fine

剝奪勛章、獎章和榮譽稱號 stripping of medals, decoration or honorary titles

驅(qū)逐出境 renvoi

量刑 sentencing

犯罪事實 criminal fact

犯罪性質(zhì) criminal character

犯罪情節(jié) criminal circumstances of crime

情節(jié)嚴重 grave/serious circumstances

情節(jié)特別嚴重 circumstances are particularly serious

情節(jié)惡劣 circumstances are wicked

后果特別嚴重 with particularly serious consequence

量刑情節(jié) circumstance for sentencing

法定情節(jié) statutory circumstances

從輕處罰 lighter punishment

減輕處罰 mitigation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript

從重處罰 heavier punishment

加重處罰 aggravation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript

免予處罰 exemption from punishment

酌定情節(jié) discretionary circumstances

自首 surrender oneself to justice

坦白 confession of one’s offence

自動投案 voluntary surrender to justice

立功 metitorious serviceoffset立功贖罪  

假釋 one’s guilt by merit

假釋考驗期 probation period for parole

減刑 commutation; mitigation of punishment

減刑建議書 advisory letter of commutation

赦免 pardon

大赦 amnesty; general pardon

特赦 special pardon

追訴時效 limitation of prosecution

追訴期限 deadline of prosecution

預防犯罪 prevention of crime

緩刑 probation; reprieve

緩刑宣告制 system of suspended pronouncement of sentence

緩刑起訴制 system of suspended prosecution

緩刑考驗期 probation period

行刑 execution; executing punishment

監(jiān)外執(zhí)行 execution of sentence outside prison yet under surveillance