同聲傳譯中狀語的處理方法

       在英漢翻譯中，狀語的處理也是一個(gè)很重要的問題。漢語的狀語一般在前面，英語的狀語就很靈活了，有的前置，有的后置。前置狀語跟漢語習(xí)慣相同，同聲傳譯中不存在太大問題。但是遇到后置狀語，我們還是需要采用一些技巧予以應(yīng)對(duì)。
　　1、譯為歐化句式
　　（1）People of the same trade seldom meet together even for merriment and diversion， but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public or some contrivance to raise price.
　　同行很少相聚，哪怕是為了娛樂和消遣?？墒且坏┫嗑?，結(jié)果總是陰謀對(duì)付百姓，或想方設(shè)法提價(jià)。
　　（2）Frankly， ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.
　　坦率地講，思想和商品將會(huì)在全球流通，不管有沒有我們的幫助。
　　（3）People who for years have been denied their pasts，have began searching for their own identities， often through peaceful and constructive means，occasionally through factionalism and blood shed.
　　多年來，有些民族的歷史被否定，但他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開始尋找自我，通常以和平和建設(shè)性方式，偶爾也訴諸宗派主義和流血。
　　（4）The American people were shocked by these events. We were greatly surprised to learn of our diminished economic and military strength；we were demoralized by the treatment of our hostages in Iran； and we were outraged by the harsh attacks on the United States in the United Nations.
　　美國人民對(duì)這些事件感到震驚。我們感到十分驚奇，因?yàn)槲覀兊弥约旱慕?jīng)濟(jì)、軍事力量在縮??；我們士氣低沉，因?yàn)槲覀兊娜速|(zhì)在伊朗受到如此的待遇；我們義憤填膺，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诼?lián)合國遭受大肆攻擊。（by短語較短時(shí)可以逆向翻譯，如第一句）
　　如果漢語中將本應(yīng)前置的原因、條件、讓步狀語從句等后置，語調(diào)一般應(yīng)比較低。
　　2、重復(fù)被修飾部分（與定語類似）
　　（5）We were all affected， positively and negatively， by developments beyond our borders.
　　我們都受到了影響，或積極影響或消極影響，都受到了邊界之外事態(tài)發(fā)展的影響。
　　（6）Everyone was optimistic，because everything had changed----it appeared for the better----since I first attended a session of the General Assembly at the height of the cold war back in the 1950s.
　　人人都感到樂觀，因?yàn)橐磺卸及l(fā)生了變化──似乎變好了──自從我第一次參加聯(lián)大、在冷戰(zhàn)高峰期50年代參加聯(lián)大以來，一切都變了。
　　3、借用書面語句式
　　（7）In the changing world today，with problems increasing both in number and in dimension，human society in general ----and small countries in particular----are placing special hope on the United Nations.
　　在不斷變化的當(dāng)今世界上，各種問題在數(shù)量和范圍上都在增加，整個(gè)人類社會(huì)，尤其是小國，特別寄希望于聯(lián)合國。
　　4、獨(dú)立成句
　　（8）It has been 16 years since I first stayed in this district of Beijing on my first visit when I stayed at the friendship hotel.
　　十六年前，我第一次來到北京這個(gè)地區(qū)，那是我初次訪華，當(dāng)時(shí)住在友誼賓館。
　　（9）Special Economic Zones could become instrumental in stimulating such centers of excellence through favorable policies that would attract them to the Zones.
　　經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)可以幫助創(chuàng)立這樣的龍頭地區(qū)，辦法是通過優(yōu)惠政策，將它們吸引到特區(qū)來。
　　5、追加
　　（10）Since China has already undertaken the wise decision to invest the equivalent of one trillion US dollars into the infrastructural development of especially the inner regions during the next three years as a key component to overcome unemployment…
　　因?yàn)橹袊呀?jīng)明智地決定投資一萬億美圓興建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、特別是內(nèi)地的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施──在未來三年中──作為克服失業(yè)的重要手段……
　　句末出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語往往很難加進(jìn)去，可以用較低的聲調(diào)追加出來，如果不重要或?yàn)榇蠹沂熘氖聦?shí)，則可略去不譯。
　　以上這些是在同聲傳譯中，如何處理英語中后置狀語的技巧，需要大家在以后的實(shí)踐中慢慢積累、領(lǐng)會(huì)。